Hematology List of Most Commons for Physician Assistant Students

Most Commons in Hematology

• Iron Deficiency Anemia - most common cause of anemia
• Anemia of Chronic Disease - most common cause of normocytic anemia
• Glucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase Deficiency - most common RBC enzyme defect
• More common in males
• Highest frequency among Mediterranean regions, Africa, and China
• Most commonly seen in tropical geographic areas prevalent for malaria
• G6PD “A-” is the most common variant
• Sickle Cell SS disease - most common and most severe of the sickle cell disorders
• Warm-antibody AIHA (autoimmune hemolytic anemia) - most common of all AIHA
• Immune Hemolytic Anemia - commonly DRUG related
• Idiopathic Thrombocytopenic Purpura (ITP)
• Acute ITP - most common in children, preceded by viral illness, self-limiting
• Chronic ITP - most common in adult women (20-40), idiopathic, not self-limiting
• Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic Purpura (TTP)
• Most commonly acquired due to an inhibitory antibody that blocks ADAMTS 13 activity
• Hemophilia A and B - most common in males
• X-linked recessive bleeding disorders
• Von Willebrand Disease - most common inherited bleeding disorder
• Most common form: Type I (autosomal dominant) or partial deficiency in vWF
• Factor V Leiden Gene Polymorphism - most common known inheritable risk factor for VTE
• DVT - most common manifestation of F5LGP
• Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia (ALL) - most common malignant disease in childhood
• Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML) - most common in adults
• Acute Leukemia
• More common among whites than blacks
• More common among Jews than non-Jews
• Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia - most common adult leukemia
• More common in men than women
• Incidence increases with age
• Classical Hodgkin Lymphoma - more common in men
• Nodular Sclerosis - most common subtype
• Most common in young women with mediastinal mass
• Multiple Myeloma - second most common hematologic cancer
• Most common in African American men

Other Helpful Hints and Tricks

• Partial Thromboplastin Time (PTT) vs. Prothrombin Time (PT)
• You can remember which corresponds to which pathway (intrinsic vs. extrinsic) by remembering PET and PITT.
• PTT = Test activity of factors 2, 5, 8-12 (everything except 7)
• Plasma + contact activating agent + phospholipid + calcium
• PT = Test activity of factors 2, 5, 7, 10 or fibrinogen
• Plasma + brain tissue thromboplastin (TF) + calcium
• Mixing Studies: add normal plasma to patient sample that has a prolonged PT or PTT
• Clotting time corrects = factor deficiency
• Clotting time does NOT correct = factor inhibitor; this is because you are adding back the factors in normal blood, so clotting time should have corrected if it was a factor deficiency issue.

Sources:

Anemia, Laura Sanza, PA-C

Hemostasis & Platelet Disorders, Laura Sanza, PA-C

Coagulation Disorders & Hemophilia, Laura Sanza, PA-C

HIV/AIDS, Durward Watson, PA-C

Leukemias & Stem Cell Transplant, Jennifer Potter, PA-C

Lymphoma, Kathleen O’Connell, PA-C

Multiple Myeloma, Jennifer Potter, PA-C